Some of the Basic Commands in Linux

Command	Descriptions
alias	Allows you to set aliases and view the current aliases.
awk	Search for a pattern within a file.
alien	Converts .tgz and rpmâ€™s to .deb format.
banner	Prints characters as a poster.
badblocks	Searches a device for bad blocks.
biff	Turns mail notification on and off.
bg	move a job running in the foreground to the background.
bzip2	Used to compress and decompress files. Similar to gzip.
cardctl	Used to control PCMCIA cards.
cfdisk	Used to partition a hard disk.
cp	Copy
chattr	Changes the attributes of a file or folder.
chroot	Change the root directory for a command.
chmod	Used to change permissions on a directory or file.
chown	Used to change the owner of a file or directory.
chgrp	Used to change the group a file belongs to.
clear	Clears the screen
cpio	Copies file.
cat	Displays the content of a file
chpasswd	Used to change a large number of passwords at once.
cd	Changes directories.
chage	Sets password aging parameters.
cal	Displays a calendar.
cron	Used to execute commands at a certain time.
crontab	Allows you to view or edit the current cron jobs.
dselect	A graphical front end for dpkg.
dpkg	Installs packages on debain distroâ€™s.
date	Prints current date to the screen
du	Lists disk usage in a directory.
df	Reports disk usage information. df -h
dmesg	Used to view the kernel boot file.
dump	Used for backing up.
edquota	Sets quotas for specific users.
env	Lists current environment variables.
fdisk	Used to create/edit/delete partitions.
fsck	Checks a file system for consistency.
fg	Used to send jobs to the background.
fuser	Checks to see what processes and users have open files.
find	Searches for a file.
free	Will show total memory, used memory, and free memory.
gcc	Used to compile C, Assembler, and Preprocessed C source.
gpasswd	Used to set a password for a group.
grep	Used to search through a file for a specified pattern.
getty	Set terminal type, modes, speed, and line discipline
groupadd	Create new group account.
groupdel	Deletes a group.
groupmod	Used to modify a group.
groups	Shows what groups a user is part of.
gunzip	Uncompress files compressed by gzip.
head	Displays the first 10 lines of a file to the screen.
hdparm	Gets disk information.
history	Lists recently executed commands.
host	Used to get DNS info.
htpasswd	Allows you to set usernames and passwords for your websever.
id	Display information about yourself or another user.
insmod	Installs modules.
init	Used to change run levels.
isapnp	Sets up ISA cards.
icmpinfo	Intercept and interpret ICMP packets
jobs	Used to show jobs running in the background.
join	Join lines of two sorted.
kill	Used to kill a process.
killall	Kill processes by command name.
kernelcfg	A graphical application configures Linux.
klogd	Control which kernel messages.
linuxconf	A command line GUI which lets you configure your linux
lpc	Used to control a line printer.
lpq	View the print spool queue.
lpr	Send files to the printer spool queue.
ls	Displays a directories contents.
ln	Used to create hard and symbolic links.
less	Display the contents of a file
locate	Search for a file or directory.
ldd	Shows what shared libraries a program is dependent on.
ldconfig	Used to configure/view shared libraries.
last	Lists logins and reboots.
lastlog	Print the last login times for system accounts.
lsmod	Lists loaded modules.
lsattr	Lists the attributes for a file or folder.
logrotate	Used to manipulate log files.
mount	Used by itself, reports the currently mounted files.
modinfo	Give info about the module.
modprobe	Queries modules.
man	Displays the Man page for a given command.
mesg	Used to allow/not allow â€˜writeâ€™.
manpath	Attempts to determine the path to a man page.
mail	Used to send and receive mail.
mkdir	Make directory
mke2fs	Used to format a partition with the Ext2 file system.
mv	Move/Rename
merge	Merge multiple files together.
more	Lets you page through text one screen full at a time.
minicom	Great utility for troublshooting a modem.
mkbootdisk	Used to make a boot disk.
ntsysv	Used to select what services should automatically start.
nice	Used to set process priorities.
nslookup	Used to get DNS info from name servers.
netstat	Shows active sockets.
ps	Displays current processes
ping	Used to test connectivity between two hosts.
pwd	Present Working Directory
pwconv	Used to set up the /etc/shadow file.
pnpdump	Determines settings for existing ISA cards.
quota	Allows users to view their own disk quotas.
quotaon	Turns on disk quotas for the system.
quotaoff	Turns off disk quotas for the system.
repquota	Provides reports of disk usage for various users.
rmmod	Removes modules.
rm	Remove
rmdir	Remove directory
rpm	(RedHat flavors only)Used to install RPMâ€™s
rpcinfo	Used to see what rpc services are available.
route	Used to view/change routes between you and other hosts.
smbclient	Used to connect to Windows shares or Samba.
smbadduser	Maps linux user names to Windows NT user names.
smbpasswd	Used to update the smbpasswd file with new accounts.
set	Used to read and write variables.
setquota	Used to set disk quotas.
sort	Sorts lines in a file by alphabetical order.
sndconfig	Used to probe and configure a sound card.
su	Change to Super User (root).
spell	Checks for spelling errors in a file.
startx	Start the X Server (GUI)
shutdown	Shutdown machine
suspend	Places a shell in the background.
showmount	Shows mount information for an NFS server.
swapon	Turns on the swapfile.
swapoff	Turns off the swapfile.
testparm	Used to troubleshoot Samba.
tar	Used to compress multiple files.
timeconfig	Used to set the timezone on your machine.
tac	View a file from the last line up.
touch	Creates an empty file.
tail	Displays the last 10 lines of a file to the screen.
talk	Used to chat with another user on the same machine.
tr	Converts one set of characters to another.
traceroute	Used to track the path a packet takes to a host.
top	Shows information about the most CPU-intensive Apps.
useradd	Add a user.
usermod	Modify a user.
userdel	Delete a user.
umount	Removes a device from the filesystem.
updatedb	Updates the locate database.
uname	Determines OS name, version and machine name.
vmstat	Lists information on memory usage.
vi	A text editor
whereis	Finds documentation files.
who	Tells you who is logged into your server.
whoami	Tells you your user information.
wc	Print the number of bytes, words, and lines in files
which	Finds the full path for a command.
write	Used to send a message to another user.
whois	Used to query servers for info on.
wall	Writes a message to all logged in users.
xman	Graphical interface for man pages.
xf86config	Used to configure X.
zcat	Read files that have been compressed with gzip

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