nic
PXE is an open industry standard developed by a number of software and hardware vendors. It was initially designed by Intel, with input from several other vendors including 3Com, HP, Dell, Compaq, and Phoenix Technologies. PXE works with a network interface card (NIC) in the PC, and makes the NIC a boot device. The PXE [...]
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A virtual IP address (VIP or VIPA) is an IP address that is not connected to a specific computer or network interface card (NIC) on a computer. Incoming packets are sent to the VIP address, but all packets travel through real network interfaces. VIPs are mostly used for connection redundancy; a VIP address may still [...]
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You would like to block all network traffic using iptables firewall under Debian GNU/Linux. This will block all incoming and outgoing traffic including Internet aka ADSL/ppp0 and it is highly recommend. The logic is block everything and allow only required traffic. This can be done with four simple commands: # iptable -F # iptables -P [...]
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I can use tcpdump to verify that encryption is working. Here is what a plain unencrypted POP mail session looks like. This is an abbreviated example showing only the initial three-way TCP handshake. You can do this yourself by firing up tcpdump, then checking mail. Ctrl+C stops it: # tcpdump port 110 15:04:49.050227 windbag.34348 > [...]
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Many users, despite having a good Net connection, complain about poor surfing and download speeds. While an organization could pay for additional bandwidth, a better option might be to manage the bandwidth they already have. There are numerous bandwidth management software tools available. In this article we will explore managing network bandwidth using the dummynet [...]
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Here’s some scenario wherein your network card seems to fail. At times, it shows you statistics of sending but not receiving packets, or it is physically connected but show you that the linkis not present at all. If you are sure that it is not driver or cable issues related, below are pointers of changing [...]
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The Multi Router Traffic Grapher (MRTG) is a tool to monitor the traffic load on network-links. MRTG generates HTML pages containing PNG images which provide a LIVE visual representation of this traffic. MRTG is basically used for generating graphs to a device, network host, IP-based appliances for monitoring usage, live data and statistics usage. This [...]
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Media Access Control address (MAC address) or Ethernet Hardware Address (EHA) or hardware address or adapter address is a quasi-unique identifier attached to most network adapters (NICs). It is a number that acts like a name for a particular network adapter, so, for example, the network cards (or built-in network adapters) in two different computers [...]
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One of the many tasks we could be facing from time to time in our work is setting up and building a production proxy server. Proxy implementation could be done in several ways to achieve the same goal. One best bet we could have with this kind of setup is by using Squid linux software [...]
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Both on Linux and Windows world, we get used to a lot of things. This attitude of getting used to the world around us at times, shower us some attitude of just-accept-that and do-not-complain. Getting down to network connectivity, at times, we are just used to plug the cable and wait for it network card [...]
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balance-rr or 0 This is the default, transmitting packets in order from the first available slave through the last, for load balancing and fault tolerance. active-backup or 1 Only one of the bond slaves is used, and the others sit idle until the active slave fails. balance-xor or 2 This has two possible behaviors, which [...]
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Linux allows binding multiple network interfaces into a single channel/NIC using special kernel module called bonding. “The Linux bonding driver provides a method for aggregating multiple network interfaces into a single logical “bonded” interface. The behavior of the bonded interfaces depends upon the mode; generally speaking, modes provide either hot standby or load balancing services. Additionally, [...]
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